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 A recent report that 93 percent of invasive cervical cancer worldwide contain human papillomavirus (HPV) may be too low, because the samples are not able or integration events that affect the genes of HPV L1, which is the target of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -based tests used , Previous cases of HPV-negative from the study because it has been reviewed to HPV and HPV serum antibody DNA. Serology for HPV 16 VLP, antibody E6, and E7 performed on 49 of the 66 cases were HPV-negative and 48 samples from the 866 HPV-positive cases in the original study.  In addition, 55 of 66 biopsies previously HPV-negative are also analyzed with procedures bakery where the outer part in a series of parts that used to be examined histologically, while the inside tested by three HPV PCR of different targets the open reading different frames (ORFs) , No significant differences were found in the serology for HPV 16 proteins among cases are initially HPV PCR negative and positive. E7 type-specific PCR

 BACKGROUND The fixed die 1 (PD-1) protein, T-cell receptor coinhibitory, and one of the ligands, PD-L1, plays an important role in the ability of tumor cells to evade the host immune system. Blockade of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 enhance immune function in vitro and mediate antitumor activity in preclinical models. METHOD In the multicenter Phase 1 trial, we are given an intravenous anti-PD-L1 antibody (in increasing doses ranging from 0.3 to 10 mg per kilogram of body weight) for patients with advanced cancer were selected. Anti-PD-L1 antibody was given every 14 days in 6-week cycles to 16 cycles or until the patient had a complete response or confirmed disease progression. RESULTS As of February 24, 2012, a total of 207 patients - 75 with lung cancer non-small cell, 55 with melanoma, 18 with colorectal cancer, 17 with renal cell cancer, 17 with ovarian cancer, 14 with pancreatic cancer, 7 with gastric cancer and 4 with breast cancer - has received an anti-PD-L1 antibody.

 The use of avidin-biotin interaction in immunoenzymatic technique provides a simple and sensitive method for localizing antigens in formalin-fixed tissue. Among some staining procedures are available, the ABC method, which involves the application of biotin-labeled secondary antibodies followed by the addition of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex, providing superior results when compared to the labeled antibody method. Availability of biotin-binding sites within the complex made by incubation of the relative merits of peroxidase labeled avidin with biotin. During complex formation, acts as a bridge between the labeled avidin biotin peroxidase molecule; and biotin-peroxidase labeled molecules, which contain multiple clusters of biotin, serves as a liaison between avidin molecules. As a result, "grid" which contains some peroxidase complex molecules may have formed. This complex binding to the biotin groups associated with secondary antibody results in a high staining intensity

 BACKGROUND The HER2 gene that encodes a growth factor receptor HER2, is amplified and HER2 is expressed in 25 to 30 percent of breast cancers, increase the aggressiveness of the tumor. METHOD We evaluated the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab, a recombinant monoclonal antibody against HER2, in women with metastatic breast cancer which expressed HER2. We randomly assigned 234 patients received standard chemotherapy alone and 235 patients received standard chemotherapy plus trastuzumab. Patients who previously did not receive adjuvant (post-surgery) treatment with anthracycline treated with doxorubicin (or epirubicin in the case of 36 women) and cyclophosphamide alone (138 women) or with trastuzumab (143 women). Patients who had previously received adjuvant anthracycline were treated with paclitaxel alone (96 women) or paclitaxel with trastuzumab (92 women). usabio usabio usabio usabio usabio usabio usabio usabio usabio usabio usabio usabio usabio usabio usabio usabio